Athletics, also called track and field, is one of the oldest and most varied sports. Its many events fall into a few broad groups, each testing different physical skills.

Running events

Sprints are short, all-out races that reward explosive speed and a strong start. Middle-distance and long-distance races test pace, stamina and tactics. Relays require smooth baton exchanges between teammates, and hurdles combine speed with rhythm and technique.

Jumping events

  • High jump and pole vault: clearing a raised bar.
  • Long jump and triple jump: covering the greatest horizontal distance from a take-off point.

Throwing events

Shot put, discus, javelin and hammer throw measure how far an implement can be thrown. They demand strength, balance and carefully practised technique, and each has its own rules about the throwing area and equipment.

Combined events

Decathlon and heptathlon combine several events over two days, so athletes need all-round ability rather than a single speciality.

Getting started

Many schools and clubs offer introductory athletics. Proper warm-ups, good footwear and coaching help beginners improve safely.

Takeaway

Athletics is a sport for many body types and talents, from explosive sprinters to patient distance runners.